Introduction:
Esterquats, a class of quaternary ammonium compounds with ester linkages, are renowned for their use in fabric softeners and other applications. This article traces the history of esterquats, from their origins to their current status as a key component in eco-friendly cleaning products.
The first quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) were synthesized in the early 20th century. These compounds, characterized by their ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes, found widespread use as disinfectants and antiseptics. The term “Esterquat” is commonly used, to describe a family of cationic surfactant. Many patents have been filed in the last 30 year covering variations and combinations of new and old molecules as well as formulations of softener with different cosurfactants and functional additives. In 1977, esterquats based on triethanolamine (TEA) were patented for use as a fabric softener. Nowadays, esterquats are being considered as a unique class of compounds with highly beneficial properties that highlight their tremendous application potential. They are much more popular than a few decades earlier because of the societal shift to a circular economy, and efforts to save the planet. It was noted that due to potentially superior eco-toxicological profiles (particularly susceptibility to biodegradation and lower toxicity to aquatic live).
A fabric softener is a liquid composition added to washing machine during the rinse cycle to make clothes feel better to the touch. Fabric softener use has been documented to extend garment-life. The first fabric softeners were developed by the textile industry during the early twentieth century. These formulations soon found their way into the commercial market. The popularity of these products dramatically increased over the next decade as manufacturers developed new formulations that provided softness and more fragrances that are appealing.
Classification of Esterquats:
Esterquats, those derived from alkanolamines and fatty acid. This type of esterquat can be divided in mono esterquats, di esterquats, and triesterquats, depending on the structures of the alkanolamine and stoichiometry of the reaction.
Properties of Esterquats:
- Physical properties:
Most esterquats are solid materials that do not have a defined melting point but decompose upon heating. Most mono esterquats have good water solubility. Di and Tri esterquats are usually less soluble in water. The physical properties of the solid change with increasing moisture contents.
- Anti-static property:
Cationic surfactants possess excellent antistatic properties and create an electric charge balance in fabrics. They prevent fabrics from sticking to the skin and absorbing dust. These ingredients make ironing easier by reducing static electricity.
- Biodegradability:
The environmental properties of esterquats have been studied extensively during the last few years. Esterquats undergo rapid and extensive biodegradation, minimizing their persistence in the environment. As consumer awareness grows, regarding environmental issues, esterquats offer a renewable alternative derived from natural sources. Many esterquats are produces from bio-based feedstocks, aligning with consumer preferences for green chemistry.
Padideh Shimi Jam produces two types of esterquats: Irasoft V18 and Irasoft O18.
Bis (Acyloxyethyl) Hydroxylethyl Methylammonium Methosulfate (Irasoft V18):
It is known as a low-foaming cationic surfactant. This product is characterized by excellent softening abilities, rewetting, and easy ironing. It plays a significant role in variety of towels and clothing softeners and in textile industry with a wide range of concentrations. Additionally, it is compatible with other ingredients commonly used in the industry, including surfactants, oils, and silicones. Irasoft V18 is a paste at room temperature (25°C), but transforms into a liquid at 45°C.
Bis (Acyloxyethyl)Hydroxylethyl Methylammonium Methosulfate – Based on Oleic (Irasoft O18):
Irasoft O18 is a cationic surfactant derived from oleic acid. It is recognized for its softening properties, rewetting abilities, and its effectiveness in facilitating the ironing process. Its liquid form makes it convenient to use in liquid from products, and it is commonly used as the main ingredient in towel and fabric softeners.
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